基于非定常喷气的压气机模型及模态控制

以定常喷气下的多维压气机系统模型为基础,考虑引入非定常喷气带来的质量和动量效应,建立了非定常喷气下的多维压气机系统模型；分析了压气机主动稳定模态控制机理,并在上述模型基础上设计了非定常喷气下的模态控制律。以某压气机为例,在失速工况下,分别进行无喷气开环性能和非定常喷气下模态控制仿真。结果表明:与定常喷气模态控制相比,采用非定常喷气进行模态控制,流量仅为定常喷气的57%~80%,即可达到相同的控制效果,可有效减少喷气控制的流量,并且前4阶模态控制可以扩展压气机稳定工作范围达2.34%；控制模态越多,扩稳范围越大。      

某型涡轴发动机喘振攻关与验证

针对某型涡轴发动机夏季试车时常发生加速喘振故障的问题,使用故障树初步分析引起喘振的主要原因,并通过径向扩压器叶片进行流场仿真、串装、多台发动机对比计量、试车试验等,对喘振原因进行深入分析。研究表明径向扩压器进口叶根倒角变大对发动机加速性能有一定程度的改善作用,大气条件对发动机加速性有一定影响,径扩面积越大、叶根圆角与进气边转接越顺滑,越有利于加速性能。     

遥感卫星多路数据传输系统同频共用方法

为节省频率资源，遥感卫星通常采用扩频体制实现多路数据的同频共用传输，针对通道间容易引起相互干扰的问题进行了研究，通过改进码分多址干扰估算模型，对采用平衡Gold码序列扩频系统抗干扰容限上界进行预测。在满足国际电信联盟（ITU）对卫星辐射功率通量密度约束条件下，提出了一种基于直接序列扩频体制的两路业务数据同频共用传输方法。仿真结果表明：当载波频率2GHz左右，两路辐射源的EIRP之差不大于8～15dBw时可以实现同频共用传输；如对信号扩频带宽进行差异化处理，则其相互兼容性还可进一步提高。     

Pneumatic pressure control based on improved NMPC and its application to aeroengine surge simulation

In the semi-physical simulation of aeroengines, using the pneumatic pressure servo control technology to provide realistic pneumatic excitation to the sensors and electronic controller can improve the confidence of the simulation and reduce the test cost and risk. However, the existing methods could not satisfy the precise simulation of large-amplitude and high-frequency pulsating pressure during aeroengine surge. In this paper, a pneumatic pressure control system with asymmetric groups of the High-Speed on–off Valve (HSV) is designed, and an Improved Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (INMPC) method is proposed. First, the volumetric flow characteristics of HSV are tested and analyzed with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal input. Then, a simplified HSV model with the volume flow characteristic correction is developed. Based on these, an integrated model for the whole system is further established and used as the prediction model in INMPC. To improve the computational speed of the rolling optimization process, the mapping scheme from control signal to PWM duty cycle of HSVs and the objective function with exterior penalty function are designed. Finally, the random step, sinusoidal and real engine surge data are set as the reference pressure in multiple comparative experiments to verify the effectiveness of the pressure tracking system.     

A high-safety active/passive hybrid control approach for compressor surge based on nonlinear model predictive control

Surge active control can expand the stable operating range of the compressor. However, the difficulty of flow measurement, dynamic uncertainty disturbance, actuator delay characteristics, hard constraints of control variable, and system security measures have not been fully considered in the existing active control system, which significantly hinders its engineering application. Therefore, a nonlinear model predictive surge active control method is first presented based on flow estimator designed by using a continuous-time Kalman filter for dealing with the hard constraint of control variable and the impact of actuator delay of compression system with dynamic uncertainty. Then, a high-safety active/surge passive hybrid control strategy is designed, dominated by the surge active control and supplemented by the surge passive control, to ensure the compression system’s safe and stable operation. Lastly, the simulation results suggest that the flow estimator accurately estimates the compressor flow. When considering the delay impact of the actuators and sensors and measurement noise on the system, the proposed method exhibits stronger robustness than the existing methods. The active/surge passive hybrid control strategy can successfully ensure the compression system's safe and stable operation. This paper is of high practical significance for the engineering application of future compressor surge active control technologies.     

跨声速轴流压气机转子弯掠控制机理

以1.5级跨声速轴流压气机为研究对象，采用三维数值模拟方法研究弯掠叶片技术对压气机不同工况的控制机理.结果表明:设计转速时前掠与反弯的组合弯掠优于前掠与正弯的组合弯掠，而部分转速时正好相反，这是因为不同弯掠方案对跨声速压气机不同工况的控制机理不同.设计转速时弯掠叶片改变叶顶激波强度和位置以及叶顶间隙泄漏涡强度，并改变叶片表面展向“C”型压力分布，三者共同作用从而提高设计转速时压气机的喘振裕度，但也造成设计转速效率下降；而部分转速时，压气机流场中的激波消失，弯掠叶片改变叶顶吸力面逆压力梯度和增强展向“C”型压力分布，两者共同作用使压气机的稳定性提高，但效率也会下降.      

部分处理机匣的性能预估模型

利用进气畸变平行压气机理论划分子压气机的思想，将部分处理机匣压气机沿周向分为处理机匣子压气机和实壁机匣子压气机，再由动量守恒和能量守恒求得部分处理机匣压气机出口参数，并依据失速点流量与处理区周向角度呈线性关系的实验结论提出部分处理机匣性能预估模型假设.模型预估与实验对比结果表明:预估特性与实验特性曲线在整体趋势上一致.跨声速条件下98%设计转速峰值效率预估偏差小于0.5%，综合裕度预估偏差小于0.6%.      

跨声速压气机叶片掠和机匣处理组合效应的机理研究

针对典型跨声速压气机转子，采用非定常数值模拟方法研究了叶片掠设计和机匣处理的组合作用对压气机转子性能的综合影响。分别探讨了转子前掠、后掠和掠叶片与机匣处理组合等形式对转子峰值效率和稳定工作裕度的影响效果和内在机制。研究发现，前掠转子与机匣处理组合能够以较小的效率损失（-0.56%）为代价获得最佳的扩稳效果；在前掠转子与机匣处理组合作用下，对间隙泄漏流的动量激励和叶顶低能堵塞流体的有效消除是组合机匣处理扩稳的本质原因。结果表明，采取前掠转子和机匣处理的组合形式，可以弥补前掠转子设计损失转子最大负荷的不足，同时以较少的效率损失代价充分发挥了机匣处理的扩稳潜力。     

航空发动机风扇叶片伸根段造型设计与优化

探索了航空发动机风扇叶片伸根段造型的优化设计方法,利用它在保持叶身气动设计不变的情况下使风扇叶片振动特性得到改善。建立了基于非均匀有理B样条NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline)桥接曲线的伸根段造型方法,实现气动叶身与榫头侧面间的光滑连接；通过改变桥接曲线控制顶点的位置实现伸根段造型的参数化设计,并在相关假设条件的基础上提取了完全定义伸根段造型所需的8个设计变量；以风扇叶片共振裕度最大化作为伸根段设计目标,在径向基函数网络(RBFN)与粒子群(PSO)算法的基础上建立了伸根段造型优化设计流程,其原理是构造RBFN近似模型来逼近和预测风扇叶片共振裕度与伸根段设计变量间的隐式目标函数,在此基础上使用PSO算法搜索使共振裕度达到最大化的伸根段设计变量组合。结果表明:某大涵道比宽弦风扇叶片采用上述流程,通过优化伸根段造型使风扇叶片轴向一弯模态的自振频率得到提高,与转速3倍频激振间的共振裕度提高约2%。